Flight Safety Information - October 23, 2024 No. 211 In This Issue : Incident: JSX E145 at Dallas on Oct 17th 2024, emergency return : Incident: JSX E145 at Denver on Oct 20th 2024, smoke in cockpit : Incident: Sial A320 at Lahore on Oct 22nd 2024, bird strike : Incident: Malta Air B738 at Budapest on Oct 16th 2024, bird strike : Incident: Network Australia F100 near Geraldton on Oct 21st 2024, mechanical issue with autoflight system : US airline pilot caught with stun gun at Edinburgh Airport : NTSB reviewing pilot’s records as part of investigation into deadly Houston helicopter crash : FAA finalizes pilot training, certification rules for air taxis : AI Revolutionizing Aviation with Smarter, Safer Flights : US fines American Airlines $50M over mishandling of disabled passengers : British Airways suspends all Israel flights until March 2025 amid escalation fears : Frontier, Spirit Airlines revive merger talks, WSJ reports : GE Aerospace's struggle with supply constraints hits jet engine deliveries : Calendar of Events Incident: JSX E145 at Dallas on Oct 17th 2024, emergency return A JSX Embraer ERJ-145, registration N922JX performing flight XE-1065 from Dallas Love,TX (USA) to Cabo San Lucas (Mexico) with 29 people on board, was climbing out of Dallas Love's runway 13R when the crew stopped the climb at about 2500 feet declaring emergency in a nearly unreadable transmission. Subsequent radio transmissions were clear again, the aircraft returned to Dallas Love for a safe landing on runway 13R at a normal speed about 6 (!) minutes after departure. The crew requested emergency services (who had also not been told about the nature of emergency) to check their brakes. Emergency services reported seeing nothing unusual. A runway inspection did not find any anomaly. The aircraft remained on the ground for about 52 hours, then performed a test flight on Oct 19th 2024, returned to service on Oct 20th 2024 and suffered another incident on the second sector of Oct 20th, see Incident: JSX E145 at Denver on Oct 20th 2024, smoke in cockpit. https://avherald.com/h?article=51f4697c&opt=0 Incident: JSX E145 at Denver on Oct 20th 2024, smoke in cockpit A JSX Embraer ERJ-145, registration N922JX performing flight XE-550 from Denver Rocky Mountain,CO to Burbank,CA (USA), was climbing out of Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport's runway 12L when the crew stopped the climb at about 9000 feet reporting smoke in the cockpit and decided to return to the Rocky Mountain Airport. While on approach to the airport the crew advised that the smoke had dissipated. The aircraft landed safely on runway 30R about 12 minutes after departure. A replacement ERJ-145 registration N246JX reached Burbank with a delay of about 5.5 hours. The occurrence aircraft, that had suffered another incident on Oct 17th 2024, see Incident: JSX E145 at Dallas on Oct 17th 2024, emergency return is still on the ground in Denver about 49 hours after landing. https://avherald.com/h?article=51f4617c&opt=0 Incident: Sial A320 at Lahore on Oct 22nd 2024, bird strike An Air Sial Airbus A320-200, registration AP-BOC performing flight PF-142 from Lahore to Karachi (Pakistan), was climbing out of Lahore's runway 36R when the crew stopped the climb at 3000 feet following a bird strike. ADS-B signals transmitted by the aircraft were soon lost/became erratic, the aircraft was able to return to Lahore for a landing without further incident. The airline reported the aircraft sustained minor damage as result of the bird strike. The aircraft is still on the ground in Lahore about 14 hours after departure. https://avherald.com/h?article=51f45d1f&opt=0 Incident: Malta Air B738 at Budapest on Oct 16th 2024, bird strike A Malta Air Boeing 737-800 on behalf of Ryanair, registration 9H-QCS performing flight FR-8745 from Budapest (Hungary) to Billund (Denmark) with 188 people on board, was climbing out of Budapest's runway 31L when the crew declared PAN PAN reporting they had a bird strike at about 500 feet AGL into their #2 engine (CFM56, right hand). The aircraft entered holds while the crew was working checklists, a runway inspection did not find any debris, the crew reported their right hand engine was showing high vibrations but both engines were delivering power. The aircraft landed safely back onto Budapest's runway 31R about 50 minutes after departure. The occurrence aircraft remained on the ground in Budapest for about 30 hours, then returned to service. https://avherald.com/h?article=51f45a5e&opt=0 Incident: Network Australia F100 near Geraldton on Oct 21st 2024, mechanical issue with autoflight system A Network Aviation Australia Fokker 100 on behalf of Qantas, registration VH-NHZ performing flight QF-1624 from Perth,WA to Paraburdoo,WA (Australia), was enroute at FL330 about 80nm east of Geraldton,WA (Australia) when the aircraft climbed to about FL345 then descended again. The crew subsequently decided to divert to Geraldton, where the aircraft landed without further incident about 30 minutes later. The remainder of the flight was cancelled. Passengers reported they felt weightless for a while, the aircraft was descending, climbing, descending again and climbing again. Cabin crew shortly afterwards began to prepare the cabin for an emergency landing and instructed the passengers about the brace position. They were subsequently instructed to assume the brace position and remained in that position for some 15 to 20 minutes. The airline reported the aircraft diverted to Geraldton due to a mechanical issue with the autoflight system, the cause of which is now being investigated. The airline understands this was a distressing experience for those onboard. The aircraft is still on the ground in Geraldton about 33 hours after landing. https://avherald.com/h?article=51f44b83&opt=0 US airline pilot caught with stun gun at Edinburgh Airport Ryan Cecil is based in the United States where the item is not regulated An American airline pilot has admitted carrying a high voltage stun gun in his luggage at Edinburgh Airport. Ryan Cecil, 56, was found carrying the weapon in his carry-on luggage as he attempted to board a flight he was piloting to New York in January. Cecil, a captain with United Airlines, initially claimed it was a torch, but later admitted it was a stun device which is legal in most US states. He claimed he had accidentally carried it with him, and was ordered to pay a fine of £8,500 as an alternative to a prison sentence. Edinburgh Sheriff Court was told the pilot had flown from Newark Airport in the US two days previously and was flying back home when he was stopped at about 07:30 on 20 January. Prosecutor Matthew Miller said a security officer discovered the stun gun hidden inside a pair of gloves but Cecil had taken hold of the weapon and claimed it was just a torch. Police were called after it was identified as a stun gun. 'Unaware' it was in his bag Cecil was taken to Livingston police station where he told officers: "I am in violation but it was accidental." The pilot was held in custody for two nights before being released on bail. Cecil returned to court on Tuesday where he pleaded guilty to possessing a prohibited weapon that was designed or adapted to discharge a noxious liquid, gas or electricity. Lawyer Mathew Nicholson, defending, told the court: "He was completely unaware it was in his bag. That bag went through security checks and went undetected and he spent two nights in Edinburgh before planning on flying back. Cecil was caught with the stun gun at Edinburgh Airport "He fully accepts this was gross carelessness by him and the item in question is not a regulated item in the United States." Mr Nicholson said Cecil has been as a commercial pilot for 23 years and had an exemplary record. He had previously served in the armed forces, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. The court heard Cecil was "deeply embarrassed and ashamed" at appearing in court but his employers were keen to keep him on. Sheriff Charles Walls said: "This is a very serious offence and ignorance of the laws of Scotland or in any country is not an excuse. "However, I accept what has been said on your behalf and I accept you have been of previous good character with no previous convictions and while I can impose a custodial sentence I don't propose to do that today." https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyv7p39j00zo NTSB reviewing pilot’s records as part of investigation into deadly Houston helicopter crash HOUSTON – The NTSB says they have obtained the records of the pilot involved in Sunday’s deadly helicopter crash in Houston’s East End. In a Tuesday update, the agency says they are beginning the process of reviewing the records as well as working to start recovering the wreckage for further examination. ‘A tragic loss of life’: 4, including child, killed after helicopter hits radio tower, crashes in Houston’s East End On Wednesday, the agency says they will visit the air tour company, National Helicopter Solutions, to learn more about their operations. The deadly crash killed four people, including a child, when the helicopter hit a communications tower and crashed at Engelke Street and Ennis Street in Houston’s Second Ward in the East End. According to data from FlightAware, the helicopter was flying at 108 mph when the crash occurred. FlightAware data also show that same helicopter took the very same tour -- twice -- earlier the day of the crash. ‘My eyes were burning’: Residents detail disturbing scene after deadly helicopter crash in Houston’s Second Ward No one on the ground was hurt from the crash and the collapse of the tower which was hit. No structures on the ground other than the tower were damaged. The NTSB is looking at three primary areas as part of its investigation: the pilot, the aircraft and the operating environment. The following information and records will be gathered as part of the investigation: • Flight track data • Recordings of any air traffic control communications • Aircraft maintenance records • Weather forecasts and actual weather and lighting conditions around the time of the accident • Pilot’s license, ratings and recency of flight experience • 72-hour background of the pilot to determine if there were any issues that could have affected the pilot’s ability to safety operate the flight • Witness statements • Electronic devices that could contain information relevant to the investigation • Any available surveillance video, including from doorbell cameras The agency says a preliminary report will come out within 30 days. https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2024/10/22/ntsb-reviewing-pilots-records-as-part-of-investigation-into-deadly-houston-helicopter-crash/ FAA finalizes pilot training, certification rules for air taxis Oct 22 (Reuters) - The Federal Aviation Administration on Tuesday finalized comprehensive training and pilot certification rules for flying air taxis, addressing a key hurdle to the deployment of electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The FAA called the rule "the final piece in the puzzle for safely introducing these aircraft in the near term." Some flying companies hope to begin flying commercial passengers as soon as 2025. Low-altitude urban aircraft known as eVTOLs have drawn intense global interest, with numerous companies going public like Joby Aviation (JOBY.N), opens new tab and Archer Aviation (ACHR.N), opens new tab. Joby shares rose 7% Tuesday, while Archer rose 3%. "The opportunities for the use of powered lift operations are far-reaching, from transporting passengers in urban areas and short-haul operations such as air ambulance services and cargo operations to potentially serving smaller communities over time," the FAA said. Airlines and other companies are looking at developing transport services using battery-powered aircraft that can take off and land vertically to ferry travelers to airports or for short city trips, allowing them to beat traffic. FAA Administrator Mike Whitaker said at a conference in Las Vegas on Tuesday the rule is designed to be flexible. The regulation has "a performance-based approach, so you can look at fuel reserves and other things with this new technology, account for safety," he said. Shares of Tokyo Metro, one of Japan's leading subway operators, shot up 45% in its market debut on Wednesday, following an overwhelmingly successful IPO. Former acting FAA Administrator Billy Nolen, who is chief safety officer at Archer, said the announcement is a big milestone for the deployment of flying air taxis. "Now we've got a roadmap," he told Reuters. Joby CEO JoeBen Bevirt said the rule "will ensure the U.S. continues to play a global leadership role in the development and adoption of clean flight. The FAA said previously that air taxi operations will begin at a low rate, similar to helicopters, and using existing routes and infrastructure such as helipads and vertiports. The FAA said the rule allows pilots to train with a single set of flight controls while prior rules required two flight controls – for the student and instructor. Delta Air Lines (DAL.N), opens new tab invested $60 million in Joby in a partnership aiming to offer passengers air taxi transport to and from airports in New York and Los Angeles within a few years. Earlier this month, Toyota invested $500 million in Joby. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/faa-set-finalize-pilot-training-certification-rules-air-taxis-2024-10-22/ AI Revolutionizing Aviation with Smarter, Safer Flights Todd Giles of Honeywell Aerospace moderated a panel discussion on AI Honeywell panel discussion Artificial intelligence is no longer just a futuristic buzzword in aviation—it's rapidly reshaping the skies above us. From streamlining aircraft maintenance to pushing the boundaries of flight automation, AI is becoming a cornerstone of modern aviation. But the question remains: how can the industry harness AI’s power while navigating challenges like safety, trust, and the sheer complexity of flight? During a panel discussion on the eve of NBAA-BACE 2024, Honeywell Aerospace chief technology officer Todd Giles set the stage by highlighting AI’s important role within the aviation industry. “Artificial intelligence has transformed from the realm of science fiction to becoming an integral part of our daily lives and industries,” Giles said. AI is now an integral part of aircraft design, manufacturing, and maintenance, driving advancements like predictive maintenance and improved operational efficiency. From enhancing pilot decision-making to increasing productivity across business functions, AI’s influence is growing rapidly. However, Giles also cautioned that AI is often discussed out of context, creating confusion about its real potential and applications. Pervinder Johar, CEO of Avathon, expanded on the various ways AI is shaping aviation: “Think of three different buckets: [...] managing aging infrastructure, improving safety and quality in manufacturing, and supporting future autonomy." He pointed out the significant challenges posed by aging aviation infrastructure—assets that AI can help preserve through prescriptive maintenance. AI technologies such as computer vision are also enhancing the ability to inspect aircraft components that are otherwise difficult for humans to assess, thus improving safety and efficiency. Johar envisions AI playing a crucial role in managing the anticipated surge in urban air traffic with air taxis and drones in the future. By 2030, AI will be essential for scaling operations to meet the demands of a growing aviation market. AI’s role in assisting pilots during flight is also coming into focus. Trung Pham, chief scientist for AI and machine learning at the FAA, noted that while AI hasn't yet reached the point of fully operating aircraft, it is already making strides in augmented intelligence. “With an AI system, the system can see more than what we can focus on and inform us in a role of monitoring what's going on—and inform us of certain precursors that can lead to accidents or incidents,” he said. Pham stressed that AI’s strength lies in its ability to process and analyze vast amounts of information, improving situational awareness during flights. He also highlighted AI’s post-flight capabilities, such as analyzing flight data to identify patterns that could enhance safety and efficiency in future operations. Pham underscored that human pilots remain essential for the foreseeable future, with AI playing a supportive role. Matt George, CEO of Merlin, took a bolder stance on AI’s future in aviation, particularly regarding autonomy. He acknowledged that even the best pilots make mistakes and that automation could reduce human error. He asked pilots in the audience to raise their hands, and then said, “Put your hands down if you have not done something really stupid in an airplane that's almost killed you.” Noting how few hands had gone down, he said, “Even some of the best pilots in the world still have that same ratio.” George traced the history of flight deck crew reductions—from five members after World War II to today’s two-person crews—and argued that recent technological advancements could further reduce this number. Merlin, backed by Google, is developing a nonhuman pilot system to serve as an autonomous third "pilot" in the cockpit, with the goal of eventually enabling single-pilot operations. George emphasized the need for a gradual, responsible transition to autonomy, noting that Merlin is already working with the U.S. military to reduce crew size on aircraft like the C-130J and KC-135R. For automation and AI, safety has to remain the top priority. Pham reiterated that aviation's regulatory framework has been built on decades of safety improvements, and AI must meet these high standards. He pointed out that AI, unlike traditional systems, is trained rather than engineered, and this new development model requires additional testing to build public trust. Balancing innovation with safety is a major challenge, especially as public perception often demands perfection. Pham cautioned against overestimating AI’s current capabilities, comparing the situation to NASA's Apollo program, in which a monkey was trained to perform basic tasks in space. “Would the monkey survive with something similar to the artificial intelligence that we have now, or does it require more than artificial intelligence to handle cases that we haven't seen before?” Data is another critical challenge in AI’s aviation journey. Johar emphasized that high-quality data is essential for AI development, but accessing and sharing data across the industry is often difficult due to privacy and regulatory concerns. AI systems, particularly those focused on perception, require vast amounts of data for training—data that isn’t always available in the real world. To overcome this, companies are increasingly turning to synthetic data to simulate various scenarios for AI systems. Johar also highlighted the potential for AI to collect new types of data, such as sound and vibration, which could help identify issues before they become safety risks. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2024-10-22/ai-revolutionizing-aviation-smarter-safer-flights US fines American Airlines $50M over mishandling of disabled passengers The U.S. government is fining American Airlines $50 million for failing to provide wheelchair assistance to passengers with disabilities and damaging thousands of wheelchairs over a five-year period Catch up on the developing stories making headlines. DALLAS -- The U.S. government fined American Airlines $50 million for failing to provide wheelchair assistance to passengers with disabilities and damaging thousands of wheelchairs over a five-year period, The Transportation Department said Wednesday that “in some cases,” wheelchair users were injured, but it did not give a number. American said it has made significant investments to improve the handling of wheelchairs. The airline will be credited $25 million, or half of its civil penalty, for those investments and compensation paid to affected passengers, according to a consent order. The incidents raised by the Transportation Department occurred between 2019 and 2023. The investigation was prompted in part by three formal complaints the Paralyzed Veterans of America filed against American. Investigators also seized on video of an incident at Miami International Airport last year. Workers slid a wheelchair down a baggage ramp. It crashed into the bottom of the chute, flipped over and skittered across the concrete. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said American Airlines “appeared to be one of the worst offenders,” but the problems that investigators found “are not confined to one airline.” He said the department is conducting similar investigations into other airlines, but he would not name them. “The era of tolerating poor treatment of wheelchair users on airplanes is over,” Buttigieg declared to reporters. From 2019 through 2023, American mishandled more than 10,760 wheelchairs and mobility scooters, according to Transportation Department figures. Only Southwest Airlines, at more than 11,100, had more incidents. Spirit Airlines had the highest percentage of errors in several of the years, according to the department. American said it has invested more than $175 million this year on infrastructure, training and other steps to improve the travel experience for people with disabilities. American said it has cut its rate of mishandling wheelchairs and power scooters by more than 20%, and fewer than one in every 1,000 customers who ask for wheelchair assistance wind up complaining to the airline. The punishment for American is far more severe than the Transportation Department meted out to other airlines that it determined had violated laws protecting travelers with disabilities. The previous record penalty was $2 million against United Airlines in 2016, which was reduced to $700,000 after United got credit for compensating passengers and other spending. Department officials said the size of the fine against American reflected the large number of incidents, which included damaging wheelchairs or taking too long to return them to passengers after flights. Federal regulations require airlines to return wheelchairs and scooters to customers quickly and undamaged after flights, and to help passengers with disabilities get around airports and get on and off planes. Airlines are required to pay for repairs or replacement of damaged wheelchairs, but advocates say that can still leave users without a suitable way to get around for weeks. https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/us-fines-american-airlines-50-million-mishandling-disabled-115056760 British Airways suspends all Israel flights until March 2025 amid escalation fears UK airline joins a slew of foreign carriers canceling flights to Ben Gurion Airport in recent weeks; Israeli airlines continue operating, except for brief halt on Monday afternoon British Airways announced on Monday that it is suspending its flights to Tel Aviv until the end of March next year, amid heightened fighting between Israel and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon, and as tensions rise in the Middle East. “This will give greater certainty to our customers who we’re contacting to advise them of their options, including a full refund,” a spokesperson for British Airways said in an emailed statement. The UK flag carrier joins an array of foreign airlines that have recently extended their flight cancellations to Israel. Last week, low-cost airline Wizz Air nixed all its flights to and from Israel until January 15 and Delta Airlines said it was extending its cancellation of all routes to Israel through at least the end of March. Foreign airlines have repeatedly canceled their flights to and from Israel in the past year amid the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza, tensions with Hezbollah and two missile attacks on Israel by Iran in April and October. The cancellations have been especially common in recent months, as Israel escalated its response to Hezbollah’s near-daily rocket and drone attacks — including on central Israel — and came under the second attack from Iran, in which the Islamic Republic launched some 200 ballistic missiles at Israel, forcing it to close its airspace for a couple of hours. Air Europa, Air France, RyanAir and ITA Airways are scheduled to renew their flights to and from Israel next week. They are set to be joined by Iberia, Bulgaria Air, Air Baltic, the Lufthansa Group and Lot the following week. Travelers at Ben Gurion International Airport on September 2, 2024. (Avshalom Sassoni/Flash90) Israeli airlines, namely El Al, Arkia and Israir, have all continued flying to and from Israel throughout the war, only cancelling flights when Ben Gurion Airport or Israeli airspace closes. On Monday afternoon, the airport briefly halted take-offs and landings following orders from Israel’s security apparatus. The orders were in place for less than 30 minutes, and following the resumption of operations the IDF announced that helicopters and fighter jets intercepted and shot down five drones over the Mediterranean Sea. The drones were shot down before entering Israeli airspace, the army said, adding that there were no further fears of a security incident at Ben Gurion Airport. https://www.timesofisrael.com/british-airways-suspends-all-israel-flights-until-march-2025-amid-escalation-fears/ Frontier, Spirit Airlines revive merger talks, WSJ reports Oct 22 (Reuters) - Frontier Airlines is exploring a renewed bid for Spirit Airlines (SAVE.N), opens new tab, the Wall Street Journal reported on Tuesday, citing people familiar with the matter. Shares of Spirit rose nearly 18% in premarket trade while Frontier was marginally lower. Spirit has been losing money despite strong travel demand and has failed to report a profit in five out of the last six quarters, raising doubts about its ability to manage looming debt maturities. The two budget carriers have had recent discussions about a possible merger, though the talks are at an early stage and a deal may not come to fruition, the WSJ report said. If Spirit and Frontier reach a deal, it would likely happen as part of Spirit restructuring its debt and other liabilities in bankruptcy, the report added. Spirit declined to comment on the report, while Frontier did not immediately respond to a Reuters request In 2022, Spirit Airlines came close to a merger deal with Frontier Group Holdings (ULCC.O), opens new tab, the parent company of Frontier Airlines. It was terminated after JetBlue Airways (JBLU.O), opens new tab won the bidding war for Spirit. However, that $3.8 billion deal was blocked by the U.S. Department of Justice in March. The Journal reported earlier in the month that Spirit was in talks with bondholders over the terms of a potential bankruptcy filing in the wake of its failed merger with JetBlue. The ultra-low-cost carrier said last week it had reached an agreement with its credit card processor U.S. Bank National Association to extend a debt refinancing deadline by two months until Dec. 23. The airline has also warned of a bigger third-quarter loss due to a tough race for price-sensitive leisure travelers and an oversupply of airline seats in the domestic market. https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/frontier-spirit-airlines-revive-merger-talks-wsj-reports-2024-10-23/ GE Aerospace's struggle with supply constraints hits jet engine deliveries Oct 22 (Reuters) - GE Aerospace (GE.N), opens new tab said on Tuesday it was still wrestling with supply-chain constraints that have led to a decline in jet engine deliveries and are weighing on its revenue, sending its shares down 8%.The company said the constraints have impacted the shipments of engines for both narrowbody and widebody jets, leading to a decline in total engine deliveries in the September quarter from a year ago. The comments overshadowed an upgrade to its full-year profit outlook. Robert Stallard, an analyst with Vertical Research Partners, said the earnings report shows sales growth has eased in both commercial and defense businesses. GE Aerospace now expects deliveries of LEAP engines, which power Airbus (AIR.PA), opens new tab and Boeing (BA.N), opens new tab narrowbody aircraft, to decline 10% this year from a year ago. In July, the company anticipated the deliveries to be flat to up 5% this year. CEO Larry Culp said the company's efforts to address supply-chain constraints have improved material output from the previous quarter, but added there was more work to do. "We have very strong demand across the industry," Culp said in an interview. "Both the airlines as they utilize existing fleets, (and) the air framers as they work to help the airlines expand those same fleets are pulling on us and others for more." Fewer engine deliveries will likely compound the headache for airlines, which are spending billions on repairs to keep flying older, less fuel-efficient jets due to the shortage of newer aircraft. Airbus was compelled to lower its full-year jet delivery targets in June, blaming delays in deliveries of LEAP engines. Culp said the company has "a lot of work to do to keep pace" with the European planemaker's plan to raise output of its best-selling A320neo family to 75 jets a month. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/ge-aerospace-raises-2024-profit-forecast-strong-demand-aftermarket-services-2024-10-22/ CALENDAR OF EVENTS • 2024 NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition - Oct. 22-24 (Vegas) • INTERNATIONAL AVIATION SAFETY SUMMIT - November 5 - 7, 2024 (Rio De Janeiro) • NATA’s Aviation Business Conference (ABC) - November 12-13,2024, Nashville, TN • The Gulf Flight Safety Association (GFSA) - 26/27 of November 2024; Manama, Bahrain • Sponsor the 2025 Fuzion Safety Conference! March 4 & 5, 2025 (Orlando) • Annual Women in Aviation International Conference, Gaylord Rockies Resort & Conference Center | Denver Colorado, March 27-29, 2025 • AIA Conference: The Aviation Insurance Association's annual conference in Orlando, Florida from April 25–28, 2025 • Sixth Edition of International Accident Investigation Forum, 21 to 23 May 2025, Singapore • The 9th Shanghai International Aerospace Technology and Equipment Exposition 2025; June 11 to 13, 2025 Curt Lewis